Which document is essential for defining the project's goals and objectives?

The Project Charter is the essential document for defining the project's goals and objectives because it serves as a foundational agreement that outlines the project’s intent. It provides a high-level overview that includes the project's purpose, key objectives, and major deliverables. By setting the direction for the project, the Project Charter ensures that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of what the project aims to achieve, facilitating alignment and support throughout the project lifecycle.

In contrast, while the Risk Management Plan focuses on identifying and mitigating potential risks that could impact the project, it does not define the project's goals. The Scope Statement articulates the work required to complete the project and outlines its deliverables in greater detail, but it typically follows the charter in the project hierarchy and builds upon the goals established in the charter. The Schedule Plan is concerned with the timeline and scheduling of tasks rather than the overall objectives or goals of the project.

Thus, the Project Charter is essential for establishing and communicating the project's foundational goals and objectives to all project stakeholders.